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| “Blessing Christ and Praying Virgin” by Master of Flémalle, c. 1424 |
Reading 1: 1 Corinthians 4:1-5
Brothers and sisters:
Thus should one regard us: as servants of Christ
and stewards of the mysteries of God.
Now it is of course required of stewards
that they be found trustworthy.
It does not concern me in the least
that I be judged by you or any human tribunal;
I do not even pass judgment on myself;
I am not conscious of anything against me,
but I do not thereby stand acquitted;
the one who judges me is the Lord.
Therefore, do not make any judgment before the appointed time,
until the Lord comes,
for he will bring to light what is hidden in darkness
and will manifest the motives of our hearts,
and then everyone will receive praise from God.
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Commentary on
1 Cor 4:1-5
This selection is part of St. Paul’s pre-oration regarding the need for unity in the church in Corinth. In this concluding section, the Apostle calls upon the community to be faithful to the teachings passed on to it. He speaks of Christian Wisdom with an exhortation to the community not to pass judgment on their leaders. He summarizes his thought with the statement: "Thus should one regard us: as servants of Christ and stewards of the mysteries of God." The words St. Paul uses to describe the roles are, in the first instance: “servants of Christ,” hypēretēs, a word that designated rowers on the lowest rank of a galley, later coming to mean assistant or helper. The word “stewards” (or managers) was oikonomos, a name given to servants put in charge of their master’s property.
He goes on to exhort them not to
pass judgment upon each other, rather to follow his own example of being
non-judgmental, even about his own actions. He concludes by reminding them
that, at the “appointed time” (referring to the eschaton), the Lord will reveal
all motives of the human heart and judgment will be passed.
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Responsorial
Psalm: Psalm 37:3-4, 5-6, 27-28,
39-40
R. (39a) The salvation of the just comes from the
Lord.
Trust in the Lord and do good,
that you may dwell in the land and be fed in security.
Take delight in the Lord,
and he will grant you your heart’s requests.
R. The
salvation of the just comes from the Lord.
Commit to the Lord your way;
trust in him, and he will act.
He will make justice dawn for you like the light;
bright as the noonday shall be your vindication.
R. The
salvation of the just comes from the Lord.
Turn from evil and do good,
that you may abide forever;
For the Lord loves what is right,
and forsakes not his faithful ones.
Criminals are destroyed
and the posterity of the wicked is cut off.
R. The
salvation of the just comes from the Lord.
The salvation of the just is from the Lord;
he is their refuge in time of distress.
And the Lord helps them and delivers them;
he delivers them from the wicked and saves them,
because they take refuge in him.
R. The
salvation of the just comes from the Lord.
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Commentary on
Ps 37:3-4, 5-6, 27-28,
39-40
Psalm 37, a lament, continues the plea to be faithful to God and
remain steadfast in the time of adversity. The psalmist adds a call for
repentance, a return to righteousness. Failure to do so brings death. But those
who take refuge in the Lord, and remain steadfast in their faith, God saves.
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Gospel: Luke 5:33-39
The
scribes and Pharisees said to Jesus,
“The
disciples of John the Baptist fast often and offer prayers,
and
the disciples of the Pharisees do the same;
but
yours eat and drink.”
Jesus
answered them, “Can you make the wedding guests fast
while
the bridegroom is with them?
But
the days will come, and when the bridegroom is taken away from them,
then
they will fast in those days.”
And
he also told them a parable.
“No
one tears a piece from a new cloak to patch an old one.
Otherwise,
he will tear the new
and
the piece from it will not match the old cloak.
Likewise,
no one pours new wine into old wineskins.
Otherwise,
the new wine will burst the skins,
and
it will be spilled, and the skins will be ruined.
Rather,
new wine must be poured into fresh wineskins.
And
no one who has been drinking old wine desires new,
for
he says, ‘The old is good.’”
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Commentary on
Lk 5:33-39
In this exchange between Jesus and the Pharisees, we see the liberal use of metaphors to describe a new relationship. There is a new covenant, but it is related to the old. The bridal metaphor clearly establishes a relationship between God and man, different from that expressed in the Hebrew tradition. God and man are in a love relationship, as opposed to God being superior to man and man subservient to God.
The Lord uses the metaphors of
the new and old cloth, and the new and old wine skins, to illustrate that this
Gospel message cannot be grafted onto Mosaic Law, but it becomes something
entirely new. Attempting to hold both views is not possible; it will destroy
both. (It is likely that St. Luke actually re-wrote the new vs. old cloth
parable, also found in St. Mark’s Gospel - Mark 2:19ff.)
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Reflection:
“The old is good.” St. Luke sees the
difficulty many members of his audience, especially the Pharisees, are having in
accepting the idea that Christ came to fulfill the Law and the Prophets. They
have had the “old wine” of these
traditions and beliefs for their entire lives, and the traditions they
inherited were passed down from generation upon generation, during which time
they gained such rigidity of form and substance that they seemed
indestructible.
The
great irony is that it was for that very purpose God sent his Son into the world.
The people to whom God had revealed himself in the signs and wonders in the age
of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob, the great Exodus facilitated by Moses, had adopted
traditions and they had taken upon themselves a life of their own. The acts
themselves had become the object of worship, rather than God at whom they all
pointed.
Through
the ages God had sought to change this, to reveal himself and his will by
sending the prophets: Jeremiah, Isaiah, Hosea and all those great instruments
of God. They cried out to the people,
telling them, among other things, that God did not want sacrifices and
holocaust. His intention was not to smell the burning flesh of the sacrificial
altar. His desire was the conversion of
heart (see especially Psalm 51:18-19). He called to them to
love each other and in doing so love him all the more. But the Old Wine was good.
The
saying of Jesus about the old and new wineskins has a lesson for us as well. We
must never become so rooted in our personal traditions that we fail to see what
the Holy Spirit does in our midst. God calls us to constant conversion. That
means change, and change is always difficult. The old wine, the wine to which
we have become accustomed always tastes good. The new wine of conversion needs
some getting used to.
Today
our prayer is this, that even as we savor the old wine that is good, we are
constantly ready to accept the new wine of conversion, inviting us deeper into
the will of God and his call to us.
Pax
[1]
The picture used today is “Blessing Christ and Praying Virgin” by Master of
Flémalle, c. 1424
[3]
The readings are taken from the New American Bible with the exception of the
Psalm and its response which were developed by the International Committee for
English in Liturgy (ICEL). This
re-publication is not authorized by USCCB and is for private use only.
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